Ammunition sabot
For all of you shooters, does any know the type of plastic that is used to make the plastic sabot for bullets? Reason for asking is that I have an.
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- Publication number
- US3164092A US3164092AUS237217AUS23721762AUS3164092AUS 3164092 AUS3164092 AUS 3164092AUS 237217 AUS237217 AUS 237217AUS 23721762 AUS23721762 AUS 23721762AUS 3164092 AUS3164092 AUS 3164092A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- gun
- David S Reed
- Jr Roland L Bescher
- Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
- Remington Arms Co Inc
- Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
- Filing date
- Publication date
- CriticalRemington Arms Co Inc
- Criticalpatent/US3164092A/en
- Critical
- Criticalpatent/US3164092A/en
- Critical
- Critical
- F--MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42B--EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B14/06--Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
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FIGURE 1 shows an elevation view'of the sabot attached to a bullet.
FIGURE 2 shows a plan view of the sabot.
FIGURE 3 shows an elevation view of the sabot.
FIGURE 4 shows a View of the sabot in the expanded condition after having become disengaged from' the bullet.
Referring to the drawings, a projectile 19 is shown inserted in a recess 12 of the sabot-14. The recess is tapered slightly inwardly from top to bottom and has a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the projectile so that the projectile can be held securely in the recess 12 by means of an interference fit.
The sabot 14 is preferably a one-piece injection molded plastic member having a relatively high impact strength,
as explained below. The sabot comprises a cylindrical base member 16, the thickness of which depends on the explosive force required to propel a projectile a desired velocity. The base must be of sufficient strength so as not to deform excessively under explosive pressure upon firing of the gun.
Distributed symmetrically around the circumference of the sabot 14 and forming an extension of the base 16 are six wall segments 18, the segments being separated by axially-extending V-shaped grooves 20 of proper'depth' to form a thin plastic membrane 22. The inner portions of the membranes and the inner faces of the wall segments define the recess 12 which receives the bullet or projectile 10.
The sabot is designed to provide alignment and support for the bullet while travelling through the bore of a rifle or pistol, imparting rotation to the bullet through the interference fit which prevents slippage during the time interval that the projectile is subjected to acceleration and Operation The combined sabot-bullet, upon leaving the muzzle at high velocity and at a high rotational speed,'is acted upon by centrifugal force and air pressure loads, which effectively cause separation of the sabot 14 and. bullet 10 withina very short distance (12' to 18') from the muzzle. Air pressure acting against the angular forward surfaces 28 of the six side walls 18 combines with centrifugal force to fracture the thin plastic membranes 22 which join the wall segments 18 together. This results in a rapid radial flaring, or peeling of the segments 18 which remain attached to the sabot base16 and which open out flat to enlarge the sabot to approximately three times its original diameter. The mushroomed sabot great 1y increases the air drag load on the sabot, causing it to decelerate and become disengaged, thus allowing the bullet to continue undisturbed along its trajectory path to the target.
It can be appreciated that a certain velocity of the sabot is required in order to obtain fracturing of the thin plastic membranes 22. However, this necessary fracturing velocity can be varied by changing the fracturing area or the thickness of the membranes 22. i
From the results of testing various types of plastics, it appears that a relatively high impact strength is required in order for the sabot to act in the manner required. Thus, nylon polyamide resin, Delrin, acetal resin, and
If extended, these inclined faces would Cl Teflon fluorocarbon were tried and proved to be un successful when the sabots disintegrated upon leaving the gun muzzle. Sabots made of high density polyethylene disintegrated in the gun barrel.
In order to succeed in this use, a plastic must possess sui'ficient flexibility to permit a good interference fit between the bullet and sabot, must have sufiicient strength to prevent excessive distortion under explosive pressure, and must have suflicient impact strength to withstand the shock of explosive discharge and to permit the wall segments to be peeled back without tearing loose from the sabot base. A plastic which meets all of these requirements is a thermoplastic polycarbonate resin.
Two polycarbonate resins which were tested and which proved successful for the purpose intended were Lexan polycarbonate resin made by the General Electric Company and Merlon polycarbonate resin made by the Mobay Products Company, a subsidiary of Mobay Chemical Company. Lexan is described in the April 1958 issue of Modern Plastics Magazine, published by Breskin Publications, Inc., and on pages 47-50 of the May 1, 1961, issue of Product Engineering. Merlon is described in Technical Information Bulletin No. 41-M1 (January 4, 1960); T18 No. 41-M1A (January 12, 1960); TIB No. 44-M2 (February 12, 1960); all issued by the Mobay Products Company.
Generally, the polycarbonate resins can be defined as:
where R is Lexan is described in the above cited publications as ['CGII4C(CH3)2C6H4 0]n The above publications describe the polycarbonate resins which were found to be acceptable for use as sabots. It can be seen that these products have a listed impact strength of 1216 ft. lbs./in. of notch as measured by the standard A.S.T.M cantilever-beam Izod notch test D256. This test determines the energy absorbed in breaking a notched specimen by a single blow, the results of which are stated in terms of impact value, indicative of the total energy to break a standard specimen by a single blow under standard conditions. Results of the Izod impact test should not be generalized and applied quantitatively to other sizes of test specimens or other conditions, however.
All of the plastics which failed as sabots had published impact strength value less than 12 ft. lbs/in. of notch with indications that the higher impact strength values above 12 were preferred.
What is claimed is:
1. A unitary plastic sabot for projection through a rifled gun barrel, said sabot comprising a cylindrical member having a central recess in one end thereof, thus 6 forming a continuous, ring-type projection, a plurality of V-shaped grooves on the outer periphery of said projection, said grooves being radially spaced and extending axially on said projection to form a plurality of wall segments held together by weakened connecting portions, said sabot being made of a plastic which is flexible enough to permit an interference fit of a projectile in said central recess and of sufficient impact strength to prevent disintegration of said sabot within the bore of the gun upon firing of a cartridge with the sabot and projectile so that upon being explosively projected out of the bore of the gun, the weakened connecting portions rupture to permit the wall segments to peel back like a mushroom, without becoming disconnected from the sabot, thus providing a substantially greater wind-resisting area which cooperates with the wind resistance to strip the sabot cleanly from the projectile.
2. A sabot as recited in claim 1 in which said plastic sabot is a polycarbonate resin thermoplastic.
3. A sabot as recited in claim 1 in which said sabot is made of plastic having an impact strength value of at least 12 ft. lbs/in. of notch as measured by a standard notched Izod test.
4. A projectile having a unitary plastic sabot thereon for projection through a rifled gun barrel, said unitary plastic sabot comprising a cylindrical base, skirt means on the lower end of said base to prevent gas leakage, a plurality of wall segments integral with the top of said base and extending upwardly therefor, means of a material having lower impact strength than said wall segments interconnecting said segments, a central longitudinal recess means formed in said wall segments adapted to secure said projectile therein by an interference fit, said interconnecting means having a sufficiently low impact strength and said wall segments having a suificiently high impact strength so that upon being explosively projected, the sabot engages the rifled bore of the gun in gas-sealing and radially supporting relationship and upon being rotatively projected out of the gun muzzle, said interconnecting means ruptures and the wall segments peel back without tearing away from the lower end of the sabot to form a mushroomtype object having a substantially greater wind-resisting area than the original sabot.
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References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 395,897 Hartley Jan. 8, 1889 553,062 Follett Jan. 14, 1896 2,663,259 Catlin et a1 Dec. 22, 1953 2,983,224 Prosen et al May 9, 1961 2,998,779 MacRoberts Sept. 5, 1961 3,099,958 Daubenspeek et al Aug. 6, 1963 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,177,047 France Dec. 1, 1958 1,255,572 France Jan. 30, 1961 OTHER REFERENCES Solid Propellant Rockets, second stage, by Alfred J. Zaehringer, pub. by American Rocket Co., Wyandotte, Michigan, 1958; page 210 required,
Claims (1)
1. A UNITARY PLASTIC SABOT FOR PROJECTION THROUGH A RIFFLED GUN BARREL, SAID SABOT COMPRISING A CYLINDRICAL MEMBER HAVING A CENTRAL RECESS IN ONE END THEREOF, THUS FORMING A CONTINUOUS, RING-TYPE PROJECTION, A PLURALITY OF V-SHAPED GROOVES ON THE OUTER PERIPHERY OF SAID PROJECTION, SAID GROOVES BEING RADIALLY SPACED AND EXTENDING AXIALLY ON SAID PROJECTION TO FORM A PLURALITY OF WALL SEGMENTS HELD TOGETHER BY WEAKENED CONNECTING PORTIONS, SAID SABOT BEING MADE OF A PLASTIC WHICH IS FLEXIBLE ENOUGH TO PERMIT AN INTERFERENCE FIT OF A PROJECTILE IN SAID CENTRAL RECESS AND OF SUFFICIENT IMPACT STRENGTH TO PREVENT DISINTEGRATION OF SAID SABOT WITHIN THE BORE OF THE GUN UPON FIRING OF A CARTRIDGE WITH THE SABOT AND PROJECTILE SO THAT UPON BEING EXPLOSIVELY PROJECTED OUT OF THE BORE OF THE GUN, THE WEAKENED CONNECTING PORTION RUPTURE TO PERMIT THE WALL SEGMENTS TO PEEL BACK LIKE A MUSHROOM, WITHOUT BECOMING DISCONNECTED FROM THE SABOT, THUS PROVIDING A SUBSTANTIALLY GREATER WIND-RESISTING AREA WHICH COOPERATES WITH THE WIND RESISTANCE TO STRIP THE SABOT CLEANLY FROM THE PROJECTILE.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US237217AUS3164092A (en) | 1962-11-13 | 1962-11-13 | Ammunition sabot |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date | ||
---|---|---|---|
US237217AExpired - LifetimeUS3164092A (en) | 1962-11-13 | 1962-11-13 | Ammunition sabot |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
US3242866A (en) * | 1964-09-25 | 1966-03-29 | Richard L Malter | Primary and secondary projectile |
US3318244A (en) * | 1965-07-01 | 1967-05-09 | Charles E Rostocil | Cartridge |
US3910194A (en) * | 1971-02-01 | 1975-10-07 | Hercules Inc | Projectile rotating band |
FR2431676A1 (en) * | 1978-07-21 | 1980-02-15 | Allegre Georges | Plastics sleeved rifle bullet - reduces friction, wear and damage and may have flat, pointed or flanged rear end |
US4549488A (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1985-10-29 | Mauser-Werke Oberndorf Gmbh | Projectile having a tubular body |
US4608927A (en) * | 1983-04-23 | 1986-09-02 | Rudolf Romer | Segmented sabot |
US4644866A (en) * | 1983-06-22 | 1987-02-24 | Branscomb Corporation N.V. | Ammunition round |
EP0227126A1 (en) * | 1985-12-17 | 1987-07-01 | FABRIQUE NATIONALE HERSTAL en abrégé FN Société Anonyme | Combined effect shell |
EP0275685A2 (en) * | 1986-12-24 | 1988-07-27 | Royal Ordnance plc | Discarding sabots |
US4829904A (en) * | 1983-06-22 | 1989-05-16 | Branscomb Corporation N. V. | Ammunition round |
US4947752A (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1990-08-14 | Verney Carron | Ammunition for propelling low pressure, low weight bulky projectiles |
US5415102A (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-05-16 | White; Gary B. | Muzzle loading sabot |
US6073560A (en) * | 1998-03-09 | 2000-06-13 | Remington Arms Company, Inc. | Sabot |
US6305293B1 (en) | 1998-04-14 | 2001-10-23 | Laser Ii, Llc | Multiple-component projectile with non-discarding sabot sleeve |
US6564720B1 (en) | 2000-01-14 | 2003-05-20 | Olin Corporation | Sabot for a bullet |
US6814006B2 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2004-11-09 | Bertil Johansson | Sub-calibre projectile and method of making such a projectile |
US20090266263A1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-10-29 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Advanced muzzle loader ammunition |
US8567318B2 (en) | 2009-07-26 | 2013-10-29 | Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd. | Projectile launching system including device for at least partly encasing a projectile |
US8881634B1 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2014-11-11 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Muzzle loader powder increment using celluloid combustible container |
USD848569S1 (en) * | 2018-01-20 | 2019-05-14 | Vista Outdoor Operations Llc | Rifle cartridge |
US395897A (en) * | 1889-01-08 | Shot-cartridge | ||
US2663259A (en) * | 1951-03-23 | 1953-12-22 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Ammunition |
FR1255572A (en) * | 1960-03-09 | 1961-03-10 | Special hub for long-range hunting cartridges | |
US2998779A (en) * | 1944-07-10 | 1961-09-05 | Donald T Macroberts | Projectile |
US395897A (en) * | 1889-01-08 | Shot-cartridge | ||
US2998779A (en) * | 1944-07-10 | 1961-09-05 | Donald T Macroberts | Projectile |
FR1177047A (en) * | 1957-05-29 | 1959-04-20 | Ile D Etude De Procedes De Sce | Trim head projectiles intended to be secured by means of nail guns |
US3099958A (en) * | 1960-01-12 | 1963-08-06 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Firearm cartridges |
US3311061A (en) * | 1964-06-25 | 1967-03-28 | Ehoy C Roehrdanz | Sabot |
US3318244A (en) * | 1965-07-01 | 1967-05-09 | Charles E Rostocil | Cartridge |
US3910194A (en) * | 1971-02-01 | 1975-10-07 | Hercules Inc | Projectile rotating band |
FR2431676A1 (en) * | 1978-07-21 | 1980-02-15 | Allegre Georges | Plastics sleeved rifle bullet - reduces friction, wear and damage and may have flat, pointed or flanged rear end |
US4549488A (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1985-10-29 | Mauser-Werke Oberndorf Gmbh | Projectile having a tubular body |
US4644866A (en) * | 1983-06-22 | 1987-02-24 | Branscomb Corporation N.V. | Ammunition round |
US4574703A (en) * | 1984-03-01 | 1986-03-11 | Olin Corporation | High velocity ammunition sabot |
US4644865A (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1987-02-24 | Automation Associates, Inc. | One-piece cartridge and sabot with gas-actuated cutter member |
JPS63502922A (en) * | 1986-03-10 | 1988-10-27 | ||
JP2587820B2 (en) | 1986-03-10 | 1997-03-05 | オリン コーポレーション | High-speed weapons carrier tube |
EP0275685A3 (en) * | 1986-12-24 | 1988-12-28 | Royal Ordnance Plc | Discarding sabots |
US4911080A (en) * | 1987-11-03 | 1990-03-27 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Short-range practice projectile |
EP0315125A3 (en) * | 1987-11-06 | 1989-06-28 | DIEHL GMBH & CO. | Sabot projectile for an insert barrel |
US5404816A (en) * | 1993-09-24 | 1995-04-11 | Oerlikon-Contraves Pyrotec Ag | Releasable sabot for a subcaliber projectile |
US5861572A (en) * | 1997-06-02 | 1999-01-19 | Alltrista Corporation | Universal shotgun shell wad |
US6186071B1 (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 2001-02-13 | Laser Ii, Llc | Projectile with non-discarding sabot |
US20070272113A1 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2007-11-29 | Meyer Stephen W | Sabot and shotshell combination |
US7007609B2 (en) | 2000-01-14 | 2006-03-07 | Olin Corporation | Sabot for a bullet |
US6799519B2 (en) | 2000-01-14 | 2004-10-05 | Olin Corporation | Sabot for a bullet |
US6814006B2 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2004-11-09 | Bertil Johansson | Sub-calibre projectile and method of making such a projectile |
US20030056416A1 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-03-27 | Harold Crowson | Break-away gas check for muzzle-loading firearms |
US8037830B2 (en) * | 2005-10-13 | 2011-10-18 | Udo Winter | Cartridge |
US7743709B2 (en) | 2006-10-28 | 2010-06-29 | Integrity Ballistics, Llc | Sabot for elastomeric projectile |
US20110154978A1 (en) * | 2006-10-28 | 2011-06-30 | Integrity Ballistics Llc | Loading system and method for elastic projectile |
US20100275487A1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2010-11-04 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Advanced muzzle loader ammunition |
US9377277B1 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2016-06-28 | Vista Outdoor Operations Llc | Advanced muzzle loader ammunition |
US8567318B2 (en) | 2009-07-26 | 2013-10-29 | Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd. | Projectile launching system including device for at least partly encasing a projectile |
USD848569S1 (en) * | 2018-01-20 | 2019-05-14 | Vista Outdoor Operations Llc | Rifle cartridge |
US3609904A (en) | Extractable plastic cartridge | |||
CA1266202A (en) | Multiple flechette warhead | |||
US3446147A (en) | Casing for the sabot of a projectile | |||
CN1082657C (en) | arms | |||
US3262391A (en) | Subcaliber projectile and sabot | |||
EP0129777B1 (en) | Ammunition round | |||
GB1256740A (en) | ||||
US3911824A (en) | Deterrent ammunition projectile | |||
US4036140A (en) | Ammunition | |||
US4245557A (en) | Projectile, especially for hand firearms and automatic pistols | |||
US3802345A (en) | Multiple projectile sabot assembly for use in rifled barrel | |||
US4552071A (en) | Two-piece despin obturator | |||
US3877383A (en) | Munition |
A modern APFSDS projectile shortly after muzzle exit, as the sabot petals are separating from the penetrator
Armour-piercing discarding sabot (APDS) is a type of kinetic energy projectile fired from a rifled-barrel gun to attack armoured targets. APDS rounds are sabot rounds, firing a spin-stabilized armor penetrating sub-projectile, and were commonly used in large calibre tank guns, up until the early 1980s, but have now been superseded by armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) projectiles used in smooth-bore guns, firing a fin-stabilized armor penetrating sub-projectile.[1] However, APDS rounds are still commonly used in small or medium calibre weapon systems. For a given calibre, this type of ammunition can effectively double the armour penetration of a gun, compared to those firing armour-piercing (AP), armour-piercing, capped (APC), or armour-piercing, capped, ballistic capped (APCBC) projectiles. The saboted light armour penetrator (SLAP) concept applies this technology to small armscalibres.
History and development[edit]
APDS was developed by engineers working for the French Edgar Brandt company, and was fielded in two calibers (75 mm/57 mm for the Mle1897/33 75 mm anti-tank cannon, 37 mm/25 mm for several 37 mm gun types) just before the French-German armistice of 1940.[2] The Edgar Brandt engineers, having been evacuated to the United Kingdom, joined ongoing APDS development efforts there, culminating in significant improvements to the concept and its realisation. The APDS projectile type was further developed in the United Kingdom between 1941–1944 by Permutter and Coppock, two designers with the Armaments Research Department. In mid-1944 the APDS projectile was first introduced into service for the UK's QF 6 pounderanti-tank gun and later in September 1944 for the QF 17 pounder anti-tank gun.[3]
The reason for the development of the APDS was the search for anti-tank projectiles with increased penetrating performance. It was known that high impact (terminal) velocity, or a larger diameter projectile would be required to improve penetration. A larger projectile would require a completely new weapon system and may have been too heavy to retrofit onto existing armoured fighting vehicles. Increasing the velocity of the current projectiles was also a problem due to the impact velocity limitations of steel armour-piercing (AP) projectiles, which would shatter at velocities above about 850 m/s when uncapped.
A diagram of a fin stabilised discarding sabot showing its operation.
To allow increased impact velocity, a stronger penetrator material was required. The chosen new penetrator material was tungsten carbide (WC), due to its greater hardness and its ability to withstand the greater shock and pressure generated during a higher velocity impact. As the density of WC (≈15.7 g/cm³) is twice that of steel (≈7.86 g/cm³), such a shot was too heavy at full bore to be accelerated to a sufficient muzzle velocity. To overcome this, a lightweight full diameter carrier shell was developed to sheathe the inner high density core. The name given to this projectile type was the Armour-Piercing Composite Rigid (APCR). The APCR projectile was about half the weight of a standard AP shot, but of the same diameter. Due to the large surface area for the gases to impinge upon the lightweight APCR projectile, it experienced a higher average acceleration in the gun barrel, in turn imparting a higher muzzle velocity. Unfortunately the low sectional density of the APCR resulted in poor carrying power (high aerodynamic drag), losing velocity and penetration rapidly over distance.
To overcome these limitations the British devised a way for the outer sheath to be discarded after leaving the bore. The name given to the discarded outer sheath was the sabot (a French word for a wooden shoe). For APDS projectiles the sabot is also known as a pot, as the sabot resembles a flower pot in shape. The APDS has the advantages of the lightweight projectile with regards to bore acceleration and high muzzle velocity, but does not suffer from the high drag of the APCR in flight.
Sabot construction[edit]
The sabot of a large calibre APDS consists of a light high strength alloy full diameter pot and base unit, which is screwed together. The front part of the pot has 3-4 petals (sabots) which are covered with a centering band (often a nylon derivative). The rear half has a rubber obturator and driving band (again nylon) held in place by the screw-in base unit. The base unit, if a tracer element is attached to the sub-projectile, has a hole located at the centre. Before firing, the sub-projectile and sabot are locked together. Due to the high setback forces (g-forces), friction between the pot and sub-projectile allows spin to be transferred, thus stabilising the sub-projectile. Small/medium calibre APDS use a lightweight high strength alloy base pot and three or more plastic petals. To transfer the spin to the core in small/medium calibre weapons, the core tends to have a notch at its base. Under bore acceleration, which can be higher than 100,000 g, the uneven base is forced into the softer pot material, locking the sub-projectile to the pot and imparting spin. Not all small/medium calibre APDS rely on this technique, another method for spin coupling is by using the forward plastic petals. The petals are of a slightly larger diameter than the lands in the rifled bore. This forces the petals tightly against the core, increasing the friction between them and allowing the spin to be transferred.
Sub-projectile construction[edit]
The sub-projectile consists of a high density core with a penetrating cap, enclosed within a high strength sheath (steel) with a lightweight alloy (aluminum-magnesium alloy) ballistic cap. For modern small/medium calibre APDS projectiles, the core is not sheathed and the ballistic and penetrating caps are combined. A tracer element may be added to the APDS sub-projectile, for large calibre weapons this is part of the outer sheath, for small/medium calibre weapons it is contained within a hollow cavity in, or attached to, the base of the core. Most modern APDS projectiles use high strength shock resistant tungsten alloys. The main constituent is tungsten, alloyed or sintered with/to cobalt, copper, iron or nickel. Very few APDS use depleted uranium (DU) titanium alloy for the penetrator material, though the retired 20 mm MK149-2 Phalanx round did use DU.
Sabot discard[edit]
When a large calibre APDS is fired and while still within the bore, the setback forces shear the forward petals, partly unlocking the sub-projectile from the sabot, but still holding it rigidly within the pot. Gas pressure is used to delay the unlocking of the pins holding the rear part of the sub-projectile by gyroscopic forces. Once outside the barrel, the pins, centering band and forward petals are released or discarded by projectile spin, the aerodynamic drag removes the pot/base unit. As an APDS sub-projectile does not require driving bands and the core is supported at the base and ogive region, a far more aerodynamic projectile shape can be chosen. This, in combination with the sub-projectiles' higher sectional density, gives the resulting sub-projectile vastly reduced aerodynamic drag in comparison to the APCR. Both the higher initial velocity and the reduced drag result in high velocity at impact. This also lowers flight time and improves accuracy. Accuracy can suffer if there are unwanted sabot/sub-projectile interactions during discard.
Impact example[edit]
The sequence upon impact of the APDS projectile, for example the 120 mm L11, as used on the Chieftain tank, fired L15 APDS [4] (muzzle velocity 1370 m/s), goes as follows: the lightweight ballistic cap is crushed, the penetrating cap then strikes the armour, distributing the shock across the whole surface of the core's nose, reducing the initial shock experienced by the core. The steel sheath surrounding the core peels away, and the core goes on to penetrate the armour. The penetration of the L15 APDS is approximately 355 mm of rolled homogeneous armour at 1000 m.
FAPDS[edit]
Many newer medium calibre APDS cores use a frangible high density alloy, the resulting projectiles are called Frangible Armour Piercing Discarding Sabot (FAPDS) for APDS types, or FRAP (Frangible Armour Piercing) for full-calibre projectiles. During penetration, a frangible projectile's core fragments into many high-velocity pieces. The effect of a frangible projectile on a lightly armoured target is much the same as a high explosive incendiary round, but with a cloud of dense, high-velocity fragments penetrating deeper into the target's interior. Upon striking heavy armour the effect of FAPDS is more akin to a standard APDS, albeit with higher fragmentation of the core, and hence lethality if the armour is perforated.
FAPDS is also known as a Penetrator with Enhanced Lateral Effect (PELE).[5]
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References[edit]
- ^an exemplary cut-away cross-section of the internal components of a 105mm APDS projectile
- ^'Shells and Grenades'. Old Town, Hemel Hempstead: The Museum of Technology. Archived from the original on 16 October 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
- ^Jason Rahman (February 2008). 'The 17-Pounder'. Avalanche Press. Archived from the original on 9 November 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
- ^'120 mm RO Defence tank gun ammunition (United Kingdom), Tank and anti-tank guns'. Jane's. 5 Jan 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
- ^'Penetrator with Enhanced Lateral Effect (PELE)'(pdf). Diehl. Retrieved 2013-06-26.
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